Archives

January 2007

Choosing a Fixed Rate Loan

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What Is a Prepayment Penalty?

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A prepayment penalty is a fee charged to borrowers that make full payment on their mortgage, or pay off a substantial portion (generally anything exceeding 20% of the total loan amount), ahead of schedule. This is a clause written into some contracts to protect the lender's book of business in exchange for providing a lower interest rate, or for providing financing to a high-risk borrower.

Prepayment penalties vary with different lenders, but generally apply to a one-, two-, three-, or five-year period of time. This fee can be expressed as either a specific number of months' interest or a percentage of the outstanding balance. A 'hard' prepayment penalty applies to either the refinance or the sale of a property. A contract written with a 'soft' prepayment penalty permits the borrower to sell their property without incurring a penalty, but does restrict refinancing for a set period of time. It is important for the consumer to know that a prepayment penalty is the borrower's choice and should never be considered a requirement!

Make sure you are working with a reputable loan professional who is aware of your long-term plans before consenting to sign off on an agreement that includes a prepayment penalty! Always ask for a written evaluation of your loan options.

What Is "Seller Rent-Back"?

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In home purchase transactions, there are many times when the buyer and the seller are simply unable to agree upon a specified closing date. The Real Estate Agent involved can negotiate a 'rent back' period that is agreeable to both parties. This means the transaction technically closes, the loan for mortgage financing is funded, and ownership of the property is transferred into the buyer's name. However, the buyer does not take occupancy of the property until several days later. Instead, the buyer sets up a rental agreement in which the property is leased back to the seller for a temporary period that everyone has agreed upon.

While this strategy is fairly common, it is important to make sure the seller is not occupying the property in a lease agreement for more than 30 days* after the close of the purchase transaction. This would constitute a big problem for the new homeowner. After 30 days, the lender would view this as a non-owner occupied purchase, and it would cause the terms of the loan to change radically.

*This requirement can vary depending upon the lender. Always verify that the timeframe is permissible prior to drafting such an agreement.

Ways to improve a Credit Score

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With identity theft on the rise, consumers are becoming increasingly aware of the importance of reviewing their credit reports. However, their thoughts about credit and its long-term impact upon their financial future typically end there until it's time to apply for a home loan. A credit score is used to evaluate how likely a borrower is to repay their loan. There are several actions a person can take to impact their score. Here are a few to keep in mind.

If someone has a credit card which has a high balance, while their remaining credit cards have low or zero balances, it's best to distribute the debt across the cards in order to change the ratio of debt to available credit.

Many consumers believe that they should close an existing credit card account if the card is inactive. It's better to keep the account open and use it periodically in order to take advantage of its contribution to their long-term credit history.

With the flood of credit card offers that come in the mail, it may be tempting to open new accounts. However, these "pre-approved" offers are not approved until the companies run a credit report which will temporarily impact the applicant's credit score. In addition, experts recommend that a person maintain between two to five credit card accounts, total, so it's best to avoid accumulating too many.

There are several factors that contribute to a credit score. But by observing the tips above, as well as making payments on time and keeping balances as low as possible, a consumer is sure to achieve superior results.

High Credit Score = Low Mortgage Rate

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Credit scoring was developed in the 1960s as a means to determine whether or not consumers were likely to repay their loans. The score ranges from 350 to 850 with a higher score being extremely favorable. Essentially, a high credit score translates into lower interest rates for the borrower.

There are five factors that comprise the credit score. Payment history accounts for 35% of the score; outstanding credit balances have a 30% impact; credit history makes up 15%, type of credit factors at 10%; and inquiries influence the score by 10%. This gives the lender a snapshot of an individual's sense of financial responsibility and ability to pay back loans.

There are many quick tricks to improve the credit score, and I can provide borrowers with more information on this subject. If necessary, I guide them to a reliable resource for credit remediation. If a borrower has to pay a higher interest rate to close a loan, the tarnished credit rating will begin to improve once mortgage payments are made on time and in full. If that is the case, my team and I will be on the watch to alert the borrower when an opportunity arises to refinance and get a lower interest rate.

The Home Equity Line of Credit

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The Home Equity Line of Credit

Home equity lines of credit have become increasingly popular, and there are many types of loan programs available in this genre. This type of credit line is not meant for day-to-day expenses as a credit card would be, however, many consumers use their home as collateral to obtain an equity line of credit to pay for higher ticket items such as educational expenses or home improvements.

Borrowers may want to compare the advantages of a traditional second mortgage over an equity line of credit. But they should not compare these programs based on the Annual Percentage Rate (APR) alone. The APR in an equity line of credit is based only on the periodic interest rate, and does not include other charges such as points, maintenance fees or transaction fees. Conversely, a second Trust Deed takes all points, fees, and other charges into account when calculating the APR.

If someone you know is interested in an equity line of credit or a traditional second loan on their mortgage, I can provide them with a spreadsheet to compare available loan programs to review with their financial advisor.

Preparing Your House for the Market

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If you're selling your home, make sure your home has "curb appeal." Remember, you can't change a first impression. If your home looks like a diamond in the rough, think about putting a small investment into cleaning up the outward appearance.

Imagine that you are seeing the property as a potential buyer. You'll want to do a little yard work - clear away dead shrubbery, and trim your trees and lawn. Weed the flower beds or plant some flowers that will bloom in season. Make sure the driveway is not stained, and if you can't afford to paint the home entirely, at least make sure the front door and immediate entryway is immaculate.

Fresh and clean are still the keywords to making a good first impression once the potential buyer walks through the door. Unless a particular window is facing an eyesore or a neighboring building, open the drapes and let the sun shine in! Put your dog in the back yard or garage so he's not jumping on the new people who just walked in.... they might have allergies! There is much you can do to improve the look of your home, without investing a great deal of money.

Dealing with Debt After Retirement

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Dealing with Debt After Retirement

Reverse mortgages designed to help "house rich, cash poor" seniors meet their day-to-day expenses have gained popularity. Equity is taken out of the home, so debt increases and equity diminishes over time, (unless the property value increases and offsets this use of equity).

Many lenders offer reverse mortgages, and most are set up so that there is no monthly payment as long as the owner or co-owner(s) reside in the home. There are no minimum income requirements, and most plans allow the owner to retain title to the property until they have lived in a different permanent residence for at least 12 full months, sell the property, die, or the end of the loan term is reached.

The Home Equity Conversion Mortgage (HECM) is the only type of reverse mortgage insured by the Federal Housing Administration (FHA). Even if the original loan on the home was not an FHA loan, the reverse mortgage can be.

Seniors should first consider all their options and take a realistic look at monthly expenses. The AARP warns not to take too big of a chunk out of home equity, as this may affect the ability to collect Social Security Income (SSI). As an alternative, the retired home owner can consider downsizing to a smaller dwelling, or relocating to a less expensive neighborhood. Visit http://www.aarp.org for more information.

Rate Lock Duration

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Lock durations can vary for mortgage financing, but most lenders lock in the interest rate for 60 days from the date the loan application is submitted. As long as the loan is closed within that lock-in period, the lender honors the agreed upon interest rate.

Some consumers are misled by advertising that quotes unrealistically low rates based on 15- or 30-day lock durations. This is called 'short-pricing.' The lender basically knows the borrower doesn't have time to meet their conditions and have all the necessary paperwork in order within that brief time period. As a result, the lender is not obligated to honor the low rate that was listed in their advertising.

For simple refinance transactions, a 45-day lock-in period is more realistic. For purchase transactions, which are typically much more complex, you're much safer going with a 60-day lock, even though the interest rate might be a little higher than the rate you see quoted on billboards and the Internet.

Borrowers should make sure they have a written rate lock agreement, and allow themselves a reasonable amount of time to close their loan. I prefer to lock in all my clients as soon as their application is filed, rather than gamble with predicting short-term interest rate movement. My team and I focus more on assisting clients with long-term goals and management of their mortgage debt to secure a strong financial future.

The Difference Between Pre-Qualification and Pre-Approval

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Pre-qualification is the first step in obtaining mortgage financing. A potential borrower answers a few questions to provide the loan consultant with a quick snapshot of the borrower's income, existing debt, accumulated savings and whether or not there is a co-borrower. Signature(s) allow the loan consultant to run a credit report and begin to determine what loans are good candidates for this particular client. However, there are literally thousands of loan programs available. It is important for the loan professional to know the long-term financial objectives of the prospective homeowner.

Pre-approval is a written documentation that proves the borrower has full support of a lender. It means the form 1003 Uniform Residential Loan Application has been completed and reviewed by an underwriter. Based on the borrower's income, debt ratio and savings, the underwriter will provide a dollar amount this borrower is eligible for. Now the borrower has the convenience of shopping for a home in the price range agreed upon by the lender.

Pre-approval allows potential homeowners to shop as cash buyers, and that means negotiating power. The seller will take an offer from a pre-approved shopper much more seriously and may even accept a lower bid because they know the financing is in place and the deal is secure.

What Constitutes Closing Costs?

Posted at 12:51 PM, Jan. 20, 2007

Closing costs are expenses that cover fees associated with the transfer of property ownership, fees paid to state and local governments, and the costs of obtaining a mortgage loan. Some of these fees are negotiable, and could be paid by either the buyer or the seller. Some costs are one-time fees (non-recurring closing costs, such as title search, termite inspection, appraisal, etc.); while other fees such as homeowner's insurance or property taxes are things you will expect to continue to pay on a regular basis as a homeowner.

As part of the loan selection process, your mortgage consultant should be giving you some idea of how much money you should have in reserve to cover your end of these costs. The Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act (RESPA) requires the lender to provide you with a Good Faith Estimate within three days of the submission of your loan application.

RESPA also states that as a home buyer, you have the legal right to request a copy of the HUD-1 Settlement Statement 24 hours before your closing is scheduled. The HUD-1 clearly defines all closing costs, including those that are to be paid by the buyer and the seller. It's a good idea to have both of these forms before your closing so you can compare the estimated costs to the actual costs before you finalize your transaction.

PMI deductible for many homeowners

Posted at 12:49 PM, Jan. 20, 2007

How Adjustable Rate Mortgages Work

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During the last decade, Adjustable Rate Mortgages (ARMs) have increased in popularity among consumers. These days, few homeowners (especially first-time buyers) remain in their homes for more than seven years. In this case, it often makes sense to get an adjustable rate mortgage with a lower rate, especially one with a 5-year or 7-year fixed portion, since they won't have the loan long enough to be concerned about rate fluctuation.

Adjustable Rate Mortgages have three main features: Margin, Index, and Caps. The Margin is the fixed portion of the adjustable rate. It remains the same for the duration of the loan. The Index is the variable portion. This is what makes an ARM adjustable. Margin + Index = Interest Rate.

It's important to understand that there are many different indices: The 11th District Cost of Funds (COFI), the Monthly Treasury Average (MTA), The One Year Treasury Bill, the Six Month Libor, etc. Each index has its own strengths and weaknesses; some are slow moving, others are more aggressive.

The third and final component of Adjustable Rate Mortgages is Caps. Caps limit how much the rate can fluctuate over time. Annual Caps limit changes to the annual rate, whereas Life Caps provide a worst case scenario over the life of the loan.

What Is Title Insurance?

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Title insurance is a policy that is usually issued by a title company to protect the lender against something that might have happened in the past, rather than something that might occur in the future. In essence, an extensive search of public records is conducted by the title company to validate who has held title to the property in the past. The lender wants to know if there are any liens, judgments or easements on the property that they should be aware of.

But title insurance also guards against hidden risks or unknown factors that might cause an encumbrance at some point in the future, such as unknown heirs, forged deeds or wills, misinterpreted wills, false impersonation of the true owner of the property, deeds signed over by persons of unsound mind, or defects in the recording of past titles. Title insurance covers the cost of the title search, and any legal fees that may result from any dispute over past property ownership. It is required by the lender and paid for by the buyer.

The smart home buyer will also purchase title insurance to protect their own interests. This is a one-time premium that protects the buyer or their heirs, as long as they retain an interest in the property.

What is Negative Amortization?

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A negative amortization loan is an adjustable rate mortgage that allows the consumer to tap into home “equity” by offering several monthly payment options. Up to an additional 25% of the original loan amount is available to the borrower.

This flexibility works well for consumers who have seasonal income or want more control over their cash flow. However, the borrower must have some degree of financial discipline. Each month, the borrower will choose to make a fully amortized payment, an interest-only payment, or a low introductory rate payment.

A fully amortized payment is larger, and includes payment toward principal + interest. The interest-only payment is lower, but no part of that mortgage payment goes toward the principal. The borrower is simply keeping their head above water.

The third option is where negative amortization comes into play. If the consumer chooses to make the low introductory rate payment, the interest is not sufficiently covered for that month. The balance of interest owed is then tacked back on to the principal, thus increasing the mortgage debt.

Smart consumers can use these payment options to their advantage, but should have a full understanding of how adjustable loans work. They should also know that once the maximum loan amount has been reached, the lender will immediately increase the payment amount to the fully amortized rate.

What Are Points and When Should You Pay Them?

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Points are up-front fees paid to obtain a better interest rate on a loan. One point equals one percent of the loan amount. A lower interest rate may result in a lower monthly payment, but it is important to consider how long you intend to be in the loan, and to compare current rates to historical market trends.

If you take out a $300,000 mortgage and decide to pay one point, this translates into an up-front closing cost of $3,000. Paying a point up front saves $100 a month but it will take 30 months to recuperate the cost of that point. If you decide to refinance or sell the home before the 30-month mark, your money is lost. In this case, you would benefit financially by remaining in the home longer than the 30 months.

Rates run in cycles. When rates are at historical lows, it is sensible to pay points if you plan to live in the home for an extended period of time. It is unlikely that rates will go down; hence, there will be no need to refinance.

When rates are up, there is a strong likelihood that they will come down. This is no time to pay points. The chances of refinancing in the future are extremely high, and you will likely not be in the loan long enough to recuperate the cost of the points.

Interest Rates Change Daily

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Interest rates change constantly, but it is important to know that rates are cyclical. If rates are currently at historical lows then we know there is a strong probability rates will go up again, and vice versa. Certain economic indicators such as unemployment data, consumer price index, retail sales data, and consumer confidence all have an effect on mortgage interest rates. But the key factor to watch is the relationship between stocks and bonds.

When the economy is slow and the stock market is "bearish," many investors move money out of stocks and into bonds and mortgage-backed securities. This causes mortgage interest rates to go down. When the economy is doing well, the stock market rallies and is considered "bullish." Investors then have a tendency to move their money out of that safe haven of bonds and mortgage-backed securities and back into stocks. As a result, mortgage interest rates go up.