The A-Z of Buying a Home (Part 2)

by Alan Donald, BuyHomesInCharleston.com

OK - so you've hired a REALTOR, discussed your needs and buying criteria and got preapproved by a lender. Now it's time to go see homes! Although it is a relatively small city, the Charleston Metro Area is very large, with hundreds of neighborhoods, areas and subdivisions each with a different style, construction, lot size and price point. 

Step 4 - The Home Search

The home search is a collaborative effort between you and your REALTOR. If you are comfortable "sharing the news", make sure that you mention to everyone in your sphere of influence that you are looking to buy a home. It is impossible to know where your best option is going to come from - there are many sources of information at your disposal - including:

• The Internet (Your REALTOR's website, the MLS, REALTOR.com, Craigslist, Facebook, etc.)
• Your REALTOR 
• Driving Around Neighborhoods (Yard Signs on Listings, For Sale By Owner)
• Friends/Colleagues/Family hearsay
• Newspaper/Real Estate Magazines

In a "Buyer's Market" such as the one we experienced in 2008, there are so many "suitable choices" out there that your home search may become overwhelming UNLESS you have a system in place. I recommend that my clients use the "helicopter approach", starting from up above in the sky to the landing zone (from general to specific).

You should first try to narrow down your search (using your "Needs" and "Wants" criteria) to 2-3 general areas (for example "within JB Edwards Elementary or Mount Pleasant Academy school catchment areas") , then down to 2-4 neighborhoods within those areas (i.e. Old Village, I'On, Molasses Creek Plantation) and then down to specific sub-sections and maybe even streets you prefer. If you are able to do this, the process to choosing a specific home will be fairly simple.

Step 5 - Negotiating a Contract

You found a home you love! Now your REALTOR will help you structure an offer, looking at the listing history, the sales comparables in the area, and general market conditions. You will have to write a check for the EARNEST MONEY (normally 1% of the purchase price), and determine the TERMS of the contract (including but not limited to purchase price, closing date, conditions, contingencies and concessions). Your REALTOR will send the offer to the LISTING AGENT (who represents the Seller) and you will have to wait for a reply from the Seller. The offer can result in:

1. ACCEPTANCE: The Sellers accept your terms and conditions - once the contract is signed and delivered back to you, it becomes RATIFIED. Now it is ENFORCEABLE - both for the Seller's and for YOUR protection. 
2. REJECTION: The Sellers reject your offer and accepts someone else's (typical in multiple contract situations).
3. COUNTER-OFFER: The Sellers acknowledge your offer but changes terms according to what they want. At this point you can either walk away (no expense, no responsibility), accept the Seller's counteroffer, or submit your own (second) counteroffer. This process can go on indefinitely until the "meeting of the minds" is attained. Sometimes it is just impossible and you may have to move on.

To negotiate a contract smartly, it is best to have the most information you can. Your REALTOR can many times get you:

• Market comparables ("comps") showing how much similar homes in the area have sold for
• How much did the Sellers pay for the home, when they purchased it, and what mortgages they have registered on it.
• Other choices in the area of similar size, age, characteristics. 
• The Sellers' reason for selling, motivation and perceived urgency

Next: Part 3: The Buyer's Due Diligence

Read more articles like this one at http://www.BuyHomesInCharleston.com

This guide for first-time home buyers is intended to provide general information to help buyers be aware of the buying process, and to dispel any myths about buying a home. Please discuss your particular situation with the appropriate professionals before making any decisions.

Since buying a home is a BIG financial commitment, many first-home buyers (and some repeat buyers) feel very intimidated by the whole process, which, in itself is rather uncomplicated, but it involves a lot of small steps, that, if not done right, can produce expensive mistakes.

In my 12 years in Real Estate I have dealt with many types of buyers and different scenarios, so I have developed a "method" to reduce stress and ensure success. Here's a brief synopsis of my recommended "Buying Process".

STEP 1 - Hire a REALTOR to Represent You
In SC, buyers can hire their own Buyer's Agent, normally at no cost to them. Once you hire a REALTOR as your Buyer's Agent, this person has a FIDUCIARY responsibility to represent you and protect your best interests. Buying a home is a "joint project" between you and your REALTOR. Make sure you establish a mutually agreeable communication pattern and that you have clear expectations of each other's responsibilities.

STEP 2 - Show Me the Money
Whether you are single and about to buy a home on your own, or (even more so) a couple with kids, money is always one of the crucial factors to explore upfront. Ask yourself these questions:

• What's the total monthly payment that you would feel comfortable with, without stretching your finances or cramping your style?
• Do you have an "emergency fund" in case there's a hiccup (loss of income, emergency, etc.)?
• How much money do you have to put down toward the purchase?

Now, it's time to get PRE-APPROVED. Contact a local lender and they will be able to walk you through an application. The lending officer will review your INCOME, EXPENSES, ASSETS and LIABILITIES, plus your CREDIT SCORE. Based on a formula that takes into consideration several factors, the lender will tell you HOW MUCH is the maximum purchase price and loan amount you can have, the amount you must have ready for your down payment and your estimated MONTHLY PAYMENT.

Ask for a written PRE-APPROVAL letter and how long it is valid for. Keep in mind that (especially in this market) such a letter is often required by Sellers, and will give more weight to any offer you make.

STEP 3 - Define Your Needs and Wants
Some buyers do not have a clear picture of what they want, and in a "buyer's market", where there are literally thousands of available homes, they can get confused and frustrated quite easily. I recommend that you write down your needs and wants, and rank them in priority, for example:

MY/OUR BUYING CRITERIA

• NEED (must have): Min. 3-bedrooms, "excellent" rated schools, 2,000 sq. ft., under $200,000, within a 45-minute drive to/from work.
• WANT (would like to have): Community pool, bonus (FROG) room, 2-car garage.

NOTE: If there is more than one decision maker, make sure you all agree on at least the NEEDS column. It is important that you share these criteria and priorities with your REALTOR, to help him/her give you better selection of properties and provide better advice.

Next: Searching for a home and negotiating a contract....

Read more articles like this one at http://www.BuyHomesInCharleston.com/blog

WHAT’S HAPPENING TO THE MORTGAGE MARKETS? (Sept. 18, 2008)

Housing and Economic Act of 2008 - Mixed Blessings!

1. It eliminates DAP (downpayment assistance programs) that allowed buyers to borrow 100% of the purchase price. While this makes sense from a risk-based analysis point of view (these types of loans defaulted at a much higher rate than loans where the buyer actually puts in a downpayment out of their own money) it does not stimulate the housing industry, restricting first-home buyers, who are the ones supportuing the whole housing "food chain". No one disputes that homeowners have more to lose if they have a downpayment, so maybe they will "try harder" to make ends meet when the going gets tough. But a responsible, stable income buyer will be a better credit risk than an irresponsible buyer with a downpayment.
   
   Comment: I believe that this provision will affect the demand from first-home buyers substantially. In this economic climate it is very difficult for a person with moderate to low income to save any substantial amount for a downpayment. A more equitable and fair way of determining default risk and access to use these types of programs would be by looking at the buyer's ability to pay (income & employment history) and financial responsibility track record (i.e. credit scores).
2. It amends Section 121 of the Internal Revenue Code (which is the exclusion that allows homeowners to sell their qualifying primary residence and exclude up to $250,000 ($500,000 for a couple) of capital gain from capital gains tax. Many savvy investors were combining this exclusion with the 1031 exchange provisions to build up equity via several 1031 exchange transactions, and then convert this investment property to a primary residence to take advantage of the capital gain break. With this amendment, Section 121 no longer permits homeowners to take advantage of the full tax-free exclusion on the sale of a home that was their primary residence if there was a non-qualified use of the property (i.e. investment) prior to being held as primary residence.
   
   Comment: I believe this amendment is just closing a loophole that only savvy investors with high net worth were using, so I am OK with it. However, it will restrict the demand for investment property transacted with investors looking to maximize their tax-free equity, and the sale of homes via 1031 exchanges.
3. It provides up to $7,500 in tax credits for first home buyers (or individuals who have not owned a home in the last 3 years). While this is being publicized as a "great thing" for our industry, this amount is only an interest-free loan for a 15-year period.
   
   My opinion: People with irresponsible credit behavior will be lured into home ownership by the shine of this tax credit (we are already seeing many volume builders advertising this credit) , will spend the $7,500 on consumer goods when they receive it, and increase their indebtness to the point of default. I believe it is our duty as REALTORS to point out to our clients that they will have to pay this amount back, and strongly suggest that they use the $7,500 instead to pay off high interest credit lines, or principal off their mortgage to shorten the life of the loan, build equity and have some forced savings.

Don't get me wrong, there are REAL BARGAINS out there (just recently a 2,600 sq. ft. brand new home in Summerville was being offered for $72 per square foot - you probably could not BUILD it for that price, without even counting the cost of the land!