St. Louis Loft Source

Blog by Doug Devitre
St. Louis, Missouri

Downtown St. Louis is hot right now. New developments, lofts, shopping, nightlife, and restaraunts for everyone. For the latest news and updates about downtown St. Louis living be sure to get it all here.

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Has Your Listing Expired Yet?

Jun. 7, 2008
Categorized in: Thoughts

It is disappointing…

 

…to place your home on the market for sale expecting that it will sell immediately. The plans that are made for moving have to be put on hold. 

 

Possibly, you lose the home you want to purchase because you need the equity out of your existing home or possibly because you can’t or don’t want to make two house payments.

 

The longer you home stays on the market, the more likely other agents and prospects will think something is wrong with it. There may be nothing wrong with it but perceptions can become more important than the truth.

 

If this happens, the result is that the home will be shown less, actually making it more difficult to find the right buyer for your home.

 

PrinciplePosition your home with as many favorable marketing factors as possible

 

Price is the single most important factor in a successful sale. It can overcome the other obstacles including location, condition and terms.

 

A price adjustment must exceed invisible thresholds in order to induce increased activity. Part of this is human nature which explains why stores price things at $9.99 instead of $10; it sounds a lot less.

 

However, computer-aided searches have added a new dimension to this strategy. When an agent or prospect on a website enters a price range, they will generally enter a certain range. For instance, if a person is hoping to buy a $225,000 home, they might look up to $250,000. If a listing is priced at $270,000, even though the owner might take $250,000, and the owner reduces it to $260,000, it still won’t show up in that search.

 

A skilled real estate professional can advise you where the thresholds are relative to the value of your home.

 

Location considered the very most important factor when buying a home and it is still important when selling the home. However, since the home cannot be moved, an adjustment in one of the other areas, usually price must make up the deficiency.

 

It is possible that a buyer will pay a premium price for an excellent or unusual location. For the same reason, but with opposite effects, if the home has a poor location, the buyer will penalize the price.


Condition of the home is important because most buyers, regardless of their price range, spend most of their savings on down payment and closing costs.  This means they won’t have the funds to make necessary or cosmetic repairs immediately and will have to live with it the way it is.

 

The best strategy is to replace carpet, floor coverings, paint, and carpet with neutral colors rather than to give the buyer an allowance to pick what they want. In general, buyers show little imagination when looking at homes. Even if they can see beyond these improvements, they will usually deduct more than the cost you would incur.

 

Terms describe any financial considerations regarding the mortgage that a buyer would get. Since most buyers need to borrow for the purchase, any leverage that they can get to ease the payments can make the home more marketable. Examples would be owner carried first or second liens, temporary buy-down of the interest rate, seller-paid points, or willingness to sell FHA or VA.

 

Marketing Efforts include advertising, promotion, and open houses but also include many other things based on the seller’s decisions. Marketing begins with developing a product that will appeal to a buyer in terms of price, location, condition, and terms.

 

The best marketing efforts cannot overcome a home that is over-priced, is in a poor location or not satisfactory condition.

 

You rarely get a second chance at making a first impression. To maximize the new marketing efforts, all marketing factors must be considered and adjustments made if necessary. 


Principle
Buyers compare your home with others on the market.

 

Buyers will compare the different homes that they see to determine value. If two or more homes of the same size are on the market in the same area, for the same price, the one in the best condition will probably sell first.

 

If two or more homes of the same size are on the market in the same area, in the same condition, the one with the best price will probably sell first.

If two or more homes in the same condition are on the market in the same area, at the same price, the largest one will probably sell first.

If two or more homes of the same size are on the market for the same price, in the same condition, the one with the best location will probably sell first.

PrincipleMore activity will take place in the first few weeks of the listing than during any other period.

It is critical to position the home properly in the beginning because after the initial surge of activity, the only people looking at the home will be new in the market and may not be ready to make a decision immediately.

StrategyPosition an expired listing like it is new on the market

Doing this will create excitement with the buying prospects and more importantly, the agents in the area. Agents know that prospects compete with each other for the nicest properties. Positioning a home like it is new on the market may be able to regain this initial enthusiasm. 

PrincipleWell executed plans get anticipated results

A comprehensive marketing plan with specific strategies and dates for them to be accomplished is even more important for selling a home after it has failed its initial market period.

You are going to want to see active marketing efforts made by the agent to insure that the second attempt is successful. Regardless of any prior relationship, the success sale of your home now depends on tangible efforts designed to obtain results.

I would welcome the opportunity to show you exactly what I intend to do to get your home sold. To do this, I would like to make a preliminary visit to survey the home. Shortly following this examination, I will present to you the specific marketing plan tailored for your home based on your exact situation.

I will show you the exact marketing pieces that I intend to use and will outline the groups that will be targeted as well as the timeline.

StrategyExpose your home to the largest buying segments

First-time homebuyers have accounted for more than 40% of all homes sold each year since 1997. This is a significant group that must be addressed in most price ranges.

Move-up buyers will generally buy a 50% higher priced home than the one they sell. This group is easily identified and susceptible to target marketing.

Move-down buyers will generally buy a home 2/3 the price of the one they are selling. Again, this group is easily identified and can be made aware of your home with targeted mailings describing your home

Relocation buyers are moving from over 50 miles away. Based on historical data, the most frequent areas relocating to this area are known and can be targeted.

Investors are interested in properties that will rent well and will continue to go up in value. Your home can be packaged as an investment in addition to a principle residence.

PrinciplePosition your home with as many favorable marketing factors as possible

Price is the single most important factor in a successful sale. It can overcome the other obstacles including location, condition and terms.

A price adjustment must exceed invisible thresholds in order to induce increased activity. Part of this is human nature which explains why stores price things at $9.99 instead of $10; it sounds a lot less.

However, computer-aided searches have added a new dimension to this strategy. When an agent or prospect on a website enters a price range, they will generally enter a certain range. For instance, if a person is hoping to buy a $225,000 home, they might look up to $250,000. If a listing is priced at $270,000, even though the owner might take $250,000, and the owner reduces it to $260,000, it still won’t show up in that search.

A skilled real estate professional can advise you where the thresholds are relative to the value of your home.

Location considered the very most important factor when buying a home and it is still important when selling the home. However, since the home cannot be moved, an adjustment in one of the other areas, usually price must make up the deficiency.

It is possible that a buyer will pay a premium price for an excellent or unusual location. For the same reason, but with opposite effects, if the home has a poor location, the buyer will penalize the price.

Condition of the home is important because most buyers, regardless of their price range, spend most of their savings on down payment and closing costs.  This means they won’t have the funds to make necessary or cosmetic repairs immediately and will have to live with it the way it is.

The best strategy is to replace carpet, floor coverings, paint, and carpet with neutral colors rather than to give the buyer an allowance to pick what they want. In general, buyers show little imagination when looking at homes. Even if they can see beyond these improvements, they will usually deduct more than the cost you would incur.

Terms describe any financial considerations regarding the mortgage that a buyer would get. Since most buyers need to borrow for the purchase, any leverage that they can get to ease the payments can make the home more marketable. Examples would be owner carried first or second liens, temporary buy-down of the interest rate, seller-paid points, or willingness to sell FHA or VA.

Marketing Efforts include advertising, promotion, and open houses but also include many other things based on the seller’s decisions. Marketing begins with developing a product that will appeal to a buyer in terms of price, location, condition, and terms.

The best marketing efforts cannot overcome a home that is over-priced, is in a poor location or not satisfactory condition.

You rarely get a second chance at making a first impression. To maximize the new marketing efforts, all marketing factors must be considered and adjustments made if necessary.

PrincipleBuyers compare your home with others on the market.

Buyers will compare the different homes that they see to determine value. If two or more homes of the same size are on the market in the same area, for the same price, the one in the best condition will probably sell first.

If two or more homes of the same size are on the market in the same area, in the same condition, the one with the best price will probably sell first.

If two or more homes in the same condition are on the market in the same area, at the same price, the largest one will probably sell first.

If two or more homes of the same size are on the market for the same price, in the same condition, the one with the best location will probably sell first.

PrincipleMore activity will take place in the first few weeks of the listing than during any other period. 

It is critical to position the home properly in the beginning because after the initial surge of activity, the only people looking at the home will be new in the market and may not be ready to make a decision immediately.

StrategyPosition an expired listing like it is new on the market

Doing this will create excitement with the buying prospects and more importantly, the agents in the area. Agents know that prospects compete with each other for the nicest properties. Positioning a home like it is new on the market may be able to regain this initial enthusiasm.

PrincipleWell executed plans get anticipated results

A comprehensive marketing plan with specific strategies and dates for them to be accomplished is even more important for selling a home after it has failed its initial market period.

You are going to want to see active marketing efforts made by the agent to insure that the second attempt is successful. Regardless of any prior relationship, the success sale of your home now depends on tangible efforts designed to obtain results.

I would welcome the opportunity to show you exactly what I intend to do to get your home sold. To do this, I would like to make a preliminary visit to survey the home. Shortly following this examination, I will present to you the specific marketing plan tailored for your home based on your exact situation.

I will show you the exact marketing pieces that I intend to use and will outline the groups that will be targeted as well as the timeline.

StrategyExpose your home to the largest buying segments

First-time homebuyers have accounted for more than 40% of all homes sold each year since 1997. This is a significant group that must be addressed in most price ranges.

Move-up buyers will generally buy a 50% higher priced home than the one they sell. This group is easily identified and susceptible to target marketing.

Move-down buyers will generally buy a home 2/3 the price of the one they are selling. Again, this group is easily identified and can be made aware of your home with targeted mailings describing your home.

Relocation buyers are moving from over 50 miles away. Based on historical data, the most frequent areas relocating to this area are known and can be targeted.

Investors are interested in properties that will rent well and will continue to go up in value. Your home can be packaged as an investment in addition to a principle residence.

Risks of Over Pricing a Loft

May. 31, 2008
Categorized in: Thoughts
Price a loft too high and it will stay on the market a long time that can actually result in a lower price than had it been set properly in the beginning. Price a loft too low and part of the seller’s equity is not realized that could help the owner when buying another loft.
 
The amount of money that a seller needs to get out of a home is not an accurate reflection of the value. 
 
Obstacles to Proper Pricing:
Incompetent agents who will accept a listing at any price
Neighbors who mislead the seller as to how much they got for their loft
Fear of making a mistake
Loss of perspective because the seller is emotionally involved
Need to realize a certain amount of cash out of the sale.
 
Overpricing:
Reduces sales associates activity
Reduces marketing response
Loses interested buyers.
Attracts the wrong prospects
Eliminates offers
Helps sell the competition
Extends the market time.
  
Don’t Get Caught Saying:
 
“Another agent said it was worth more”
“Our loft is nicer than those houses”
“People always offer less than asking”
“We can always come down on price”
“We have to get that much out of it”
“We paid more than that for our loft.”
 
Things that Don’t Affect Value
 
What you paid for the home
The cost to rebuild it today
Your investment in the improvements
Certain types of improvements.
REMEMBER:
The Seller sets the price of the home
but the Buyer determines the value.

Financing Alternatives for Condos Downtown St. Louis

May. 29, 2008
Categorized in: Thoughts
Attractive financing can actually shorten the marketing time and increase the sales price. I stay up-to-date with the types of mortgages that are available and maintain business relationships with mortgage professionals to provide choices. Some of the reports that I can supply you include: buyer qualifications, 80-10-10 mortgage, 75-15-5 mortgage, 15-year vs. 30-year mortgage, Adjustable Rate vs. Fixed Rate mortgages, rent vs. own, and repurchase analysis. These will help buyers and sellers make better decisions.

FNMA approved loan programs
Adjustable Rate
·          Community Solutions
·          Energy Efficient Mortgage
·          Expanded Approval with Timely Payment RewardsSM
·          Fixed-Period ARM
·           MyCommunityMortgageSM
·          One-Year ARM
·          One-Year LIBOR-Indexed ARM
·          Pledged-Asset Mortgage
·          Six-Month ARM
·          Six-Month LIBOR-Indexed ARM
·          Two-Step® Mortgage
·          Balloon
 Employer-Assisted Housing
 Fixed Rate
·          15 Year
·          20 Year
·          30 Year
·          Biweekly Mortgage
·          Community Solutions
·          Energy Efficient Mortgage
·          Expanded Approval with Timely Payment RewardsSM
·           Fannie 3/2SM
·           Fannie 97®
·           HomeChoiceSM
·           InterestFirstSM
·           MyCommunityMortgageSM
·          Native American Housing Loans
·          Pledged-Asset Mortgage
·          Rural Housing Loans
·          Simultaneous Seconds Mortgage

Home Construction & Renovation
·          Energy Efficient Mortgage
·          HomeStyle® Construction-to-Permanent Mortgage
·          HomeStyle® Renovation Mortgage
No/Low Down Payment
·          Community Solutions
·          Energy Efficient Mortgage
·           Fannie 3/2SM
·           Fannie 97®
·           Fannie Mae's Community Home Buyers ProgramSM
·           Flexible 100SM
·           Flexible 97®
·           MyCommunityMortgageSM
Reverse Mortgages for Seniors
·          HUD's Home Equity Conversion Mortgage
·           Home Keeper®
·          Home Keeper for Home Purchase
Special Financing
·          Loans for People with Disabilities
·          Native American Loans
·          Rural Housing Loans
 
HUD FHA loan
·          Fixed Rate Mortgage
·          Adjustable Rate Mortgage
·          Graduated Payment Mortgage
·          Growing Equity Mortgage
·          Rehabilitation Mortgages
·          Energy Efficient Mortgages
·          Mortgages for Condominium Units
HUD Insured Loans for Disaster Victims
HUD Insured Reverse Mortgages for Elderly Homeowners
 
VA approved loan programs

Owning a Loft As Investment Property

May. 27, 2008
Categorized in: Thoughts
The following is a list of assumptions used to make the investment analysis that accompanies this presentation:
 
  • Investor wants to maximize wealth and will reinvest positive cash flows.
 
  • The investor's tax bracket will remain stable throughout the holding period.
 
  • There will be a constant appreciation rate during the holding period.
 
  • Current federal tax laws are considered and only applicable straight-line depreciation will be used.
 
  • The mortgage on the property is considered to be an interest-only loan with no principal reduction.
 
  • Rent and operating expenses will remain stable throughout holding period.
 
  • If negative cash flows result, an interest charge will be made at the same reinvestment rate to offset the opportunity cost of being able to use that money elsewhere.
 
  • The marginal tax rate of the investor is used to determine the impact of this investment regardless of what else the investor may do in this tax year.

Seller Closing Costs Revealed

May. 24, 2008
Categorized in: Thoughts

Delivering the bottom line to know what you are going to walk away with.  Do you know how much equity you can transfer out? 

Seller Closing Costs

       
       
Sales Price     $200,000.00
Unpaid Balance     $175,000.00
Gross Equity     $25,000.00
       
       
Real Estate Fee   X #VALUE!
Transaction Fee     $0.00
Owner's Title Policy     $414.00
Discount Points   1.00% $1,230.00
Tax Certificates     $50.00
Filing Fees     $50.00
Document Preparation   $150.00
Laclede Gas     $150.00
Courier Fee     $25.00
Occupancy     $50.00
Total Expenses     #VALUE!
       
Net Equity     #VALUE!

Why Buy Someone Else's Building When You Can Buy Your Own

May. 22, 2008
Categorized in: Thoughts

"Why Buy Someone Else's Building When You Can Buy Your Own"

Rent vs. Own Analysis

       
       
Purchase Price     $227,500.00
Times Appreciation Rate   5%
First Year's Appreciation   $11,375.00
Monthly Appreciation   $947.92
Annual Property Insurance   $600.00
       
Percentage - Down Payment   5%
Mortgage Amount     $216,125.00
Interest rate     6.25%
Term of Mortgage     30
Solve for Monthly Payment   $1,330.72
Solve for Unpaid Balance after 1 year   $213,592.46
Principal Reduction     $2,532.54
Average Monthly Principal Reduction   $211.05
       
Annual Interest (interest only)   $13,507.81
Plus Annual Property Taxes   $2,231.00
Total Tax Deductible Items   $15,738.81
Times Marginal Tax Bracket   25%
Total Tax Savings     $3,934.70
Monthly Tax Savings     $327.89
       
Monthly Payment (P&I)   $1,330.72
Plus 1/12 Annual Tax and Insurance   $235.92
Total Monthly Payment   $1,566.64
Less Monthly Tax Savings   $327.89
Less Monthly Appreciation   $947.92
Less Monthly Principal Reduction   $211.05
Net Cost of Owning     $79.78
Monthly Rent for Comparison   $1,200.00
Less Net Cost of Owning   $79.78
Monthly Cost of Renting vs. Owning   $1,120.22
Annual Cost of Renting vs. Owning   $13,442.62
       
All figured are based on assumptions according to each individual situation
Does not include $221/month condo fee.  Add this to the net cost of owning per month

Need a Ride to the Baseball Game?

May. 20, 2008
Categorized in: Thoughts

One of my local favorite pubs in downtown St. Louis.  This place has a shuttle that will pick you up prior to the baseball game, offer you a beer and pick you up after the game for FREE.  How could it be FREE?  Brian McGowan that runs the Green Sheet advertising route is an awesome tour guide and enough entertainment to miss the game and just ride the bus.  Check out Flannery's prior to the St. Louis Baseball Cardinals Games.

My Favorite Furniture Store Downtown St. Louis

May. 18, 2008
Categorized in: Thoughts

My favorite furniture store downtown.  The last time I walked into this place I laid down on one of their couches and almost fell asleep.  Be sure to pop by and see their trendy furniture at reasonable prices.  If you live in a loft downtown St. Louis then you will definitely want to see what is in store.

Biggest Problem FSBO Face

May. 16, 2008
Categorized in: Thoughts

Understanding and performing paperwork

There is an increasing amount of documents and attachments that must be included in every sale.  Some closing officers are even having the parties sign an agreement that they will sign additional forms if it is discovered that that they have been accidentally omitted.

Specific disclosures can be required to be given to buyers prior to them seeing the property for the first time and others prior to entering into a contract, and still others prior to closing the transaction.    A bill of sale is generally required when personal property is included in the sale but special care needs to be taken so that it doesn’t affect the mortgage amount.

Specific types of buyer financing require specially promulgated contracts.  Understanding which sales contract to use is important to protect the rights of all parties.  It is also necessary to know what special provisions to include.

Podcast with Jim Cloar - President and CEO of Downtown St. Louis Partnership

May. 14, 2008
Categorized in: Downtown Events

Downtown St. Louis is Alive!

Download this episode (33 min) 
Downtown St. Louis is ALIVE! Check out the downtown living tour this May 3rd and 4th noon to 5pm to see all of the available residential units for sale or lease. Cost is only $5. Start at either 9th and Olive or 20th and Washington. Listen to Jim Cloar, President and CEO of the Downtown St. Louis Partnership, talk about all of the exciting things that are happening downtown. He mentions transportation, the new grocery store, perception of crime and more. This is a show you do not want to miss.

Downtown Clean Team

May. 12, 2008
Categorized in: Thoughts

Everyone deserves a break.  Especially those who keep the streets clean.  I am happy to say that they have done a wonderful job making Downtown St. Louis a clean place to live. 

Can you SPARE a Quarter?

May. 9, 2008
Categorized in: Thoughts

There is nothing better than walking to your car after a baseball game and find that your friend the parking meter had expired by 2 minutes.  Good thing these suckers are free on the weekends.  If you can find a friend who lives downtown in one of the lofts then see where there are free spots in the alley.  Save some quarters for your gas tank instead.

What's going on in the LOU?

May. 5, 2008
 
Sprint Store and a coffee Shop in the Meridian
 
Bridge & Tunnel NY Style Pizza in the Old Days Inn across from Copia
 
Senior Julio Mexican rest. open in the old Have a Nice Day Cafe location in Union Station
 
New Shuttle Service openning on Market & Jefferson
 
New Pet Rescue/ adoption place at 2722 Washington 533-POSH
 
Maurizio's remodeled & new name: Maurizio's Pizza & Pasta Bowl They added 7 Pasta dishes. Steve Scaglioni is the owner. He might have some good words for a podcast for you. He visits the restaurant almost everyday.
621-1997 is the restaurant number. Tell him I said to talk with you. We have lunch a few times a week. He is extremely intelligent. His other business just went public on the Nasdaq.
 
Hannegan's on the Landing is now do lunch delivery M=F 10:30=1pm
 
Business On The Mound - is a local internet radio show that plays every Thursday. They pitch for new businesses and up and comers. (I suggest you contact Bryan Kress 847-971-1001 He would love to put you on his show. You are doing good stuff.) www.businessonthemound.com
 
F15teen - has a limo service for Baseball season
 
King Louie's Popcorn is opening a second location in South County Mall - currently in Union Station
 
Gus' on Tucker is planning on changing to a Pet Care & Supply Store - Jamie's/the owner says his wife has been a vet for years and downtown needs the service.
The plan to use the entire building/ 3 floors
 
Robert's Brothers are constantly working on their location next to Wasabi on Washington. Looks like 4 mall type stores to be available as a walk-in from the sidewalk situation.
 
Ben, Brad & Zachary have finished remodeling the old Marte's building into three storer fronts on Washington & 14th and a bar/restaurant facility in the back half of the building.
They also have done an excellent job designing their Monkey building into offices and retail store fronts for Erlich's Cleaners and a shoe store *(I don't remember the name) in the front of their building. The conference room is like a room from the future: all bright white with glass walls and tables and bright white swivel chairs on wheels. An excellent meeting room.
 
The building across the street has been acquired by a bank and is currently being leased out at very affordable rates.
 
City Museum has expanded to summer hours. Sorry I don't have them at my desk at this moment.
 
I'm told the Park Pacific development at Olive and Tucker is still moving.
 
Blue Urban is auctioning off lofts next to the baseball stadium soon.
(There's a podcast for you. They auctioned off one of their buildings last year. Sold every unit in a day. A
contact: Glenda at 436-2200)
 
A new boutique will be having a Grand Opening in the Bogen (Tucker & Washington/Bogen Bldg) the 27th of March. California Clothing and such I believe. More boutiques are what Ben, Brad & Zachary and trying to bring back to the Washington Avenue Loft Area.
 
KYO has remodeled and converted into two entities:
Sugar Lounge on the old Inferno rest. side and a kind of cocktail lounge restaurant on the west side of the building. Very nice interior. They haven't sent me any info yet. Doug who previously started KYO is still associated with the operation. Megan from Lucas PArk Grille is now working their.

Frequently Heard Pricing Objections That Have No Relationship to Value

May. 2, 2008
Categorized in: Thoughts

Frequently Heard Pricing Objections That Have No Relationship to Value
 
  • "Another Agent said it was worth more." – It isn’t an agent that puts a price on a property. It is established by the market which includes what similar properties have sold for recently and what the supply and demand is currently.
 
  • "Our home is nicer than those houses." – This is a subjective opinion, generally, from a biased individual (the seller). What is “nice” to one person may not be to another.
 
  • "People always offer less than asking price." – This makes the assumption that everything is over-priced and that isn’t the case. There are lots of properties that sell for full price or sometimes even higher. By over-pricing a property to allow for the buyers negotiations actually encourages lower offers.
 
  • "We can always come down on our price." – Studies have shown that the longer the home stays on the market, the lower the price will be. Sometimes, it can be lower than what it would have sold for if it had been priced properly in the beginning.
 
  • "We have to get that much out of our home." – There is no rational reason why a buyer should pay more than fair market value for a person’s home just because the seller has a need for the money. The buyer usually thinks that they have a good need for the money also.
 
  • "My neighbor was able to get his price." – “His price” may be less than he was asking and the only way to know is through examination of the MLS or county records. Many times, this objection is a misunderstanding about what the neighbors “thought” the property sold for.
 
  • "Let's try it at our price for a month or so." – Trial and error is generally not an acceptable way to price a home. The initial price enthusiasm of the market generated by a new listing is lost and can’t be regained.
 
  • "The buyers can always make an offer." – Unfortunately, the correct buyers who might make an offer won’t even be looking at it because it is out of their price range. Buyers don’t want to look at homes they can’t afford just to get their hopes dashed and have to downsize their realities.
 
  • "We paid more than that for our home." – Regardless of the reason, ignorance of value or downturn in the market, appraisers don’t care and neither do the buyers. 
What you do and do not do have an effect on how much the home sells.

Downtown Loft Homeowner's Tax Guide

Apr. 30, 2008
Categorized in: Thoughts
The preparer disclaims all express or implied warranties for the contents of this report. Although all facts, figures and projections have been obtained from sources deemed reliable and are believed to be correct, their author assumes no guarantee or liability. This form assists in the analysis of a real estate decision and is not intended to comprehensively analyze the financial or tax ramifications for an individual homeowner. Should you feel you need legal or tax advice, it is suggested that you consult a qualified professional. This form assumes the tax preparer will itemize deductions.
 
SALE OF A PRINCIPAL RESIDENCE
 
The Internal Revenue code allows a homeowner to a specific amount of gain from a principal residence based on a taxpayer meeting certain requirements. 
 
However, most homeowners don't take advantage of all the adjustments in order to keep the gain as low as possible. If the truth could be told, most people's records are so poor that when the time comes to recognize the gain, the calculations probably have to be based on estimates instead of actual numbers.
 
Rules to be eligible for Exclusion
 
1)      Qualifying home must be used as your principal residence two out of the five preceding years. This exclusion does not apply to vacation or 2nd homes.
2)      Effective for sales on or after May 7, 1997.
3)      Couples filing joint returns can exclude up to $500,000 of gain on sale of principal residence. Single return filers can exclude up to $250,000.
4)      Gain in excess of applicable exclusion is taxed at appropriate capital gains rate.
 
Part 1 - Basis of Residence
 
A.     Purchase Price - the form starts out with the original purchase price of the home. This would be the price that is shown on the closing statement at the time of purchase.
       
B.     Personal Property Items - the cost of personal property that was included in the purchase price must be subtracted at this point. If no actual value was assigned to the property at the time of purchase, a conservative estimate should be used.
 
C.     Purchase Costs - Included here are closing costs that the homeowners paid for the acquisition of the home but were not expensed in the year of purchase. Costs to acquire the loan and reserves for insurance cannot be deducted or capitalized. 
 
D.     Total Basis at Time of Purchase - this is the figure that is arrived at by subtracting the personal property items from the purchase price, then adding the unexpensed closing costs and then, subtracting the cumulative deferred gain.
 
E.      Capital Improvements
 
IRS allows a homeowner to take the costs of capital improvements and add them to the basis of their home in order to accurately reflect the true gain in a property      when it is sold. The problem is that many people find it hard to distinguish a capital improvement from a repair.
      
A repair is considered to be maintenance of an existing item such as fixing a dripping faucet, adding Freon to an air conditioner, or replacing a broken window.
 
However, a capital improvement is something that adds value to the residence either by materially adding features or extending the life expectancy of the improvement.
 
A good record should be kept of capital improvements and it needs to be documented with receipts and canceled checks. To avoid controversy at some point in the future, a photograph could go a long way in helping to prove that the improvement was actually made.
 
The basic questions to determine if an expenditure qualifies for capital improvement treatment are:
1)      does it materially add value to the property?
2)      does it extend the life of the property?
3)      does it adapt a portion of the home to a new use?
 
Capital improvements can include such items as landscaping, street assessments, remodeling, swimming pool, Formica counter-tops, and the like. If replacement items are used such as installing carpet where there had previously been carpet, only the upgrade amount can be added. For instance, if the home had a builder's grade of carpet and it was replaced with a more expensive line, only the difference between the builder's grade and the replacement can be added as a capital improvement.
 
An adjustment for casualty losses can also be made in this location on the form. A casualty loss is any actual monetary loss in value to the property you may have suffered but did not recognize on your tax return for the year of the loss and that you were not reimbursed for out of insurance proceeds.
 
F.      Adjusted Basis- the combination of the total basis at time of purchase and the total capital improvements is called the adjusted basis.
 
Part II - Computation of Gain 
 
A.     Selling Price of Old Residence- the sales price of the property that is being sold is placed in this blank. It is the figure shown on the closing statement and sales contract.
 
B.     Less Personal Property Items - An adjustment is made to determine the value of the real property being sold. If no actual dollar value was attached to the personal property, the IRS allows the value to be estimated. Unlike the strategy in Part 1, the larger the value of personal property declared here, the smaller the gain. Therefore, don't undervalue personal property.
 
 
C.     Expenses of Sale - The sales expenses or sales costs of the old residence are listed here to be subtracted from the sales price of the old residence less personal property items in order to accurately reflect the gain.
 
Typical fees paid are brokerage fee, loan fees, title insurance, escrow fees, attorney fees, and other miscellaneous fees. Points paid by a seller are not interest but are treated like other sales costs and are basis adjustments.
       
However, a pre-payment penalty is considered interest and is not reported here but as interest paid on a personal residence and is reported on Schedule A of the 1040 Form.
 
D.     Net Selling Price - the price that the property sold for less personal property items and expenses of sale in order to accurately reflect what the seller actually received for                  the property.
 
E.      Basis of Residence Sold - inserted on this blank is the adjusted basis that was calculated in Part 1.
 
F.      Gain on Sale - by subtracting the adjusted basis from the net selling price, the gain on sale is ascertained.
 
Examples of Capital Improvements
 
Trees                                        Swimming Pool           &